🤝 Mishnah Nedarim 7

הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיָּרָק, מֻתָּר בִּדְלוּעִין. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹסֵר. אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, וַהֲלֹא אוֹמֵר אָדָם לִשְׁלוּחוֹ קַח לִי יָרָק וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא דְלוּעִין. אָמַר לָהֶם, כֵּן הַדָּבָר, אוֹ שֶׁמָּא אוֹמֵר הוּא לוֹ לֹא מָצָאתִי אֶלָּא קִטְנִית, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַדְּלוּעִין בִּכְלָל יָרָק, וְקִטְנִית אֵינָן בִּכְלָל יָרָק. וְאָסוּר בְּפוֹל הַמִּצְרִי לַח, וּמֻתָּר בַּיָּבֵשׁ:

For one who vows that vegetables are forbidden to him, it is permitted for him to eat gourds, as people typically do not include gourds in the category of vegetables; and Rabbi Akiva prohibits him from eating gourds. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Akiva: But doesn’t a person say to his agent: Purchase vegetables for me, and the agent, after failing to find vegetables, returns with gourds and says: I found only gourds? This indicates that gourds are not considered vegetables. Rabbi Akiva said to them: The matter is so, and that proves my opinion; or perhaps, does the agent return and say: I found only legumes? Rather, it is apparent that gourds are included in the category of vegetables, although they differ from other vegetables, and therefore, the agent purchases gourds and explains that he found only gourds. And legumes are not included in the category of vegetables, and that is why the agent dispatched to purchase vegetables would not purchase legumes at all. And for one who vows that vegetables are forbidden to him, it is prohibited to eat the fresh cowpea, which is considered a vegetable, and it is permitted to eat dry cowpea, which is not a vegetable.

הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן, אָסוּר בְּפוֹל הַמִּצְרִי יָבֵשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא בַחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּבוּאָה, אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. אֲבָל הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן, אָסוּר בַּכֹּל, וּמֻתָּר בְּפֵרוֹת הָאִילָן וּבְיָרָק:

For one who vows that grain [dagan] is forbidden to him, it is prohibited to eat the dry cowpea, because, like grain, its final stage of production involves being placed in a pile; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: It is prohibited for him to partake of only the five species of grain: Wheat, barley, oats, spelt, and rye, as that is the connotation of the term dagan in the Torah. Rabbi Meir says: For one who vows that grain is forbidden to him, and therefore he will refrain from eating grain [tevua], it is prohibited for him to eat from only the five species of grain. However, for one who vows that grain is forbidden to him, and therefore he will refrain from eating grain [dagan], it is prohibited to eat all produce whose final stage of production involves being placed in a pile, e.g., dry cowpea, and it is permitted for him to eat fruits of the tree and vegetables.

הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַכְּסוּת, מֻתָּר בְּשַׂק, בִּירִיעָה, וּבַחֲמִילָה. אָמַר קוֹנָם צֶמֶר עוֹלֶה עָלָי, מֻתָּר לְהִתְכַּסּוֹת בְּגִזֵּי צֶמֶר. פִּשְׁתָּן עוֹלֶה עָלָי, מֻתָּר לְהִתְכַּסּוֹת בַּאֲנִיצֵי פִשְׁתָּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַכֹּל לְפִי הַנּוֹדֵר. טָעַן וְהִזִּיעַ וְהָיָה רֵיחוֹ קָשֶׁה, אָמַר קוֹנָם צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים עוֹלֶה עָלָי, מֻתָּר לְהִתְכַּסּוֹת וְאָסוּר לְהַפְשִׁיל לַאֲחוֹרָיו:

For one who vows that a garment is forbidden to him, it is permitted to wear sackcloth, and to wear a sheet, and to wear a coarse curtain [ḥamila], as these are not in the category of garments. For one who said: Wool is konam for me and I will therefore not place it upon myself, it is permitted for him to cover himself with wool fleece, which is not considered a garment, and it is prohibited for him to wear only a woolen fabric. For one who said: Flax is konam for me and I will therefore not place it upon myself, it is permitted for him to cover himself with uncombed flax in bundles, and it is prohibited for him to wear only a flaxen fabric. Rabbi Yehuda says: Everything is determined according to the one who vows. If one was bearing a burden of wool and linen, and was sweating, and its smell was unpleasant for him, and in reaction, he said: Wool and linen are konam for me and I will therefore not place them upon myself, it is permitted for him to cover himself with wool and linen garments, but it is prohibited for him to sling them over his shoulder behind him as a burden. The circumstances of his vow make it clear that he intends to forswear carrying wool and linen as a burden rather than the wearing of them as a garment.

הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבַּיִת, מֻתָּר בָּעֲלִיָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עֲלִיָּה בִּכְלָל הַבָּיִת. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעֲלִיָּה, מֻתָּר בַּבָּיִת:

For one who vows that a house is forbidden to him, entry is permitted for him in the upper story of the house; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: An upper story is included in the house, and therefore, entry is prohibited there as well. However, for one who vows that an upper story is forbidden to him, entry is permitted in the house, as the ground floor is not included in the upper story.

הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַמִּטָּה, מֻתָּר בְּדַרְגָּשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, דַּרְגָּשׁ בִּכְלָל מִטָּה. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדַּרְגָּשׁ, מֻתָּר בְּמִטָּה. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָעִיר, מֻתָּר לִכָּנֵס לִתְחוּמָהּ שֶׁל עִיר, וְאָסוּר לִכָּנֵס לְעִבּוּרָהּ. אֲבָל הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַבַּיִת, אָסוּר מִן הָאֲגַף וְלִפְנִים:

For one who vows that a bed is forbidden to him, it is permitted to lie in a dargash, which is not commonly called a bed; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: A dargash is included in the category of a bed. Everyone agrees that for one who vows that a dargash is forbidden to him, it is permitted to lie in a bed. For one who vows that the city is forbidden to him, it is permitted to enter the Shabbat boundary of that city, the two-thousand-cubit area surrounding the city, and it is prohibited to enter its outskirts, the seventy-cubit area adjacent to the city. However, for one who vows that a house is forbidden to him, it is prohibited to enter only from the doorstop and inward.

קוֹנָם פֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ עָלָי, קוֹנָם הֵן עַל פִּי, קוֹנָם הֵן לְפִי, אָסוּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן. שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹכֵל וְשֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם, מֻתָּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן, בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, אֲפִלּוּ גִדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין אֲסוּרִין:

For one who says: This produce is konam upon me, or it is konam upon my mouth, or it is konam to my mouth, it is prohibited to partake of the produce, or of its replacements, or of anything that grows from it. If he says: This produce is konam for me, and for that reason I will not eat it, or for that reason I will not taste it, it is permitted for him to partake of its replacements or of anything that grows from it. This applies only with regard to an item whose seeds cease after it is sown. However, with regard to an item whose seeds do not cease after it is sown, e.g., bulbs, which flower and enter into a foliage period and repeat the process, it is prohibited for him to partake even of the growths of its growths, as the original, prohibited item remains intact.

הָאוֹמֵר לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, קוֹנָם מַעֲשֵׂה יָדַיִךְ עָלָי, קוֹנָם הֵן עַל פִּי, קוֹנָם הֵן לְפִי, אָסוּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן. שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל, שֶׁאֵינִי טוֹעֵם, מֻתָּר בְּחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וּבְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן, בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, אֲפִלּוּ גִדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין אֲסוּרִים:

For one who says to his wife: Your handicraft is konam upon me, or it is konam upon my mouth, or it is konam to my mouth, it is prohibited to benefit from her handicraft, and from their replacements and anything that grows from them. However, if he said to his wife: Your handicraft is konam for me only in the sense that I will not eat from your handicraft, or that I will not taste from your handicraft, it is permitted for him to benefit from their replacements and anything that grows from them. This applies only with regard to an item whose seeds cease after it is sown. However, with regard to an item whose seeds do not cease after it is sown, it is prohibited for him to benefit even from the growths of their growths.

שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה אֵינִי אוֹכֵל עַד הַפֶּסַח, שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה אֵינִי מִתְכַּסֶּה עַד הַפֶּסַח, עָשְׂתָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת אַחַר הַפֶּסַח. שֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה עַד הַפֶּסַח אֵינִי אוֹכֵל, וְשֶׁאַתְּ עוֹשָׂה עַד הַפֶּסַח אֵינִי מִתְכַּסֶּה, עָשְׂתָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת אַחַר הַפָּסַח:

If the husband said: From that which you prepare, I will not eat until Passover, or, with that which you prepare, I will not cover myself until Passover, then, if she prepared it before Passover, it is permitted for him to eat or to cover himself with them after Passover. If, however, he said: From that which you prepare until Passover, I will not eat, or from that which you prepare until Passover, I will not cover myself, then, if she prepared it before Passover, it is prohibited for him to eat or cover himself with it after Passover.

שֶׁאַתְּ נֶהֱנֵית לִי עַד הַפֶּסַח אִם תֵּלְכִי לְבֵית אָבִיךְ עַד הֶחָג, הָלְכָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָתוֹ עַד הַפֶּסַח. אַחַר הַפֶּסַח, בְּלֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ. שֶׁאַתְּ נֶהֱנֵית לִי עַד הֶחָג אִם תֵּלְכִי לְבֵית אָבִיךְ עַד הַפֶּסַח, וְהָלְכָה לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, אֲסוּרָה בַהֲנָאָתוֹ עַד הֶחָג, וּמֻתֶּרֶת לֵילֵךְ אַחַר הַפָּסַח:

If he said to her: Benefit from me until Passover if you go to your father’s house from now until the festival of Sukkot is forbidden for you, and she went to his house before Passover, it is prohibited for her to derive benefit from him until Passover. If she derived benefit from him before Passover and went to visit her father after Passover, she is liable for violating the prohibition of: He shall not profane his word (Numbers 30:3), as the condition was fulfilled and she violated the vow retroactively. If the husband vowed: Benefit from me is konam for you until the Festival if you go to your father’s house from now until Passover, then if she went to his house before Passover, it is prohibited for her to derive benefit from him until the Festival, and it is permitted for her to go to her father’s house after Passover, as that time period is not included in his stipulation.