🌱 Mishnah Kilayim 4

קָרַחַת הַכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה. מְחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא קָרַחַת הַכֶּרֶם. כֶּרֶם שֶׁחָרַב מֵאֶמְצָעוֹ. אִם אֵין שָׁם שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. הָיוּ שָׁם שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר:

A karahat [a bare patch] within a vineyard: Bet Shammai says: [it must measure] twenty-four cubits [by twenty-four cubits]. But Bet Hillel says: sixteen cubits. A mehol [an unsown belt of ground between a planted area and a fence] of a vineyard: Bet Shammai says: [it must measure] sixteen cubits. But Bet Hillel says: twelve cubits. What is a karahat of a vineyard? A vineyard which has been cleared [of vines] in its middle. If there are less than sixteen cubits, then one may not bring seed into it. If it is sixteen cubits, they leave a space in which to work [the vineyard] and they may sow the rest.

אֵיזֶה הוּא מְחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם. בֵּין כֶּרֶם לַגָּדֵר. אִם אֵין שָׁם שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. הָיוּ שָׁם שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ עֲבוֹדָתוֹ וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר:

What is a mehol in a vineyard? [The space] between the vineyard and a fence. If there are less than twelve cubits, then one may not bring seed into it. If there are twelve cubits, they leave a space in which to work [the vineyard] and they may sow the rest.

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין זֶה אֶלָּא גֶדֶר הַכֶּרֶם. וְאֵיזֶה הוּא מְחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם. בֵּין שְׁנֵי הַכְּרָמִים. אֵיזֶה הוּא גָדֵר, שֶׁהוּא גָבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. וְחָרִיץ, שֶׁהוּא עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה:

Rabbi Judah says: this is nothing but the fence of the vineyard fence. What then is a mehol of a vineyard? [A space] between two vineyards. What is considered a fence? One that is ten handbreadths high. And what is considered a trench? One ten handbreadths deep and four wide.

מְחִצַּת הַקָּנִים, אִם אֵין בֵּין קָנֶה לַחֲבֵרוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס הַגְּדִי, הֲרֵי זוֹ כִמְחִצָּה. וְגָדֵר שֶׁנִּפְרַץ, עַד עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת הֲרֵי הוּא כְפֶתַח, יָתֵר מִכֵּן, כְּנֶגֶד הַפִּרְצָה אָסוּר. נִפְרְצוּ בוֹ פְרָצוֹת הַרְבֵּה, אִם הָעוֹמֵד מְרֻבֶּה עַל הַפָּרוּץ, מֻתָּר, וְאִם הַפָּרוּץ מְרֻבֶּה עַל הָעוֹמֵד, כְּנֶגֶד הַפִּרְצָה אָסוּר:

A partition of reeds: if between one reed and another there are less than three handbreadths, [the space] through which a kid (young goat) could enter, it counts as a [legally effective] partition. A [stone] fence which has been broken through up to [the length of] ten cubits, [the breach] is [regarded] as a doorway; more than that, opposite the breach it is prohibited [to sow seeds]. If there were many breaches in the fence, if that which remains standing exceeds that which is broken through, it is permitted [to sow there]. But if the breached sections exceed those which remain standing, it is forbidden [to sow opposite the breaches.]

הַנּוֹטֵעַ שׁוּרָה שֶׁל חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כֶּרֶם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ כֶרֶם, עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ שָׁם שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת. לְפִיכָךְ, הַזּוֹרֵעַ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, קִדֵּשׁ שׁוּרָה אַחַת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, קִדֵּשׁ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת:

One who has planted a row of [at least] five vines: Bet Shammai says: these constitute a vineyard. But Bet Hillel says: they do not constitute a vineyard unless there are two rows. Consequently, one who sows four cubits within the vineyard: Beth Shammai says: he has sanctified one row [of the vineyard, and created kilayim]. But Bet Hillel says: he has sanctified two rows.

הַנּוֹטֵעַ שְׁתַּיִם כְּנֶגֶד שְׁתַּיִם, וְאַחַת יוֹצְאָה זָנָב, הֲרֵי זֶה כֶרֶם. שְׁתַּיִם כְּנֶגֶד שְׁתַּיִם וְאַחַת בֵּינְתַיִם, אוֹ שְׁתַּיִם כְּנֶגֶד שְׁתַּיִם וְאַחַת בָּאֶמְצַע, אֵינוֹ כֶרֶם, עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ שְׁתַּיִם כְּנֶגֶד שְׁתַּיִם וְאַחַת יוֹצְאָה זָנָב:

One who plants two [vines] opposite two [other vines], and one [other vine] forming a “tail” behold this is a vineyard. Two [vines] opposite two [other vines], and one [other vine] in between, or two opposite two, and one in the middle, these are not a vineyard until there are two opposite two with one [other] forming a tail.

הַנּוֹטֵעַ שׁוּרָה אַחַת בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, וְש��וּרָה אַחַת בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, וְדֶרֶךְ הַיָּחִיד וְדֶרֶךְ הָרַבִּים בָּאֶמְצַע, וְגָדֵר שֶׁהוּא נָמוּךְ מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפוֹת. גָּבוֹהַּ מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם עֵרְסָן מִלְמַעְלָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפוֹת:

One who has planted one row [of vines] on his own [land] and another row on his neighbor's [land], and there is a private road or a public road in the middle, or a fence lower than ten handbreadths, these [two rows] combine. If there is a fence higher than ten handbreadths they do not combine. Rabbi Judah says: If he intertwines them [the rows of vines] above [the fence] they do combine.

הַנּוֹטֵעַ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת, אִם אֵין בֵּינֵיהֶן שְׁמֹנֶה אַמּוֹת, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. הָיוּ שָׁלֹשׁ, אִם אֵין בֵּין שׁוּרָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם חֲנִינָא בֶן חֲכִינַאי, אֲפִלּוּ חָרְבָה הָאֶמְצָעִית וְאֵין בֵּין שׁוּרָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם, שֶׁאִלּוּ מִתְּחִלָּה נְטָעָן הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר בִּשְׁמֹנֶה אַמּוֹת:

One who has planted two rows [of vines] if there are not eight cubits between them, he may not bring seed there [in the space between the two rows]. If there are three [rows] if there are not between one row and its companion sixteen cubits he may not bring seed there. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob said in the name of Hananya ben Hakinai: even if the middle row was laid waste and there is not between one row and its companion row sixteen cubits, he may not bring seed there, but if he had planted them [two rows] at the outset, it is permitted [to sow between them] if they are eight cubits [apart].

הַנּוֹטֵעַ אֶת כַּרְמוֹ עַל שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, מֻתָּר לְהָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַעֲשֶׂה בְצַלְמוֹן, בְּאֶחָד שֶׁנָּטַע אֶת כַּרְמוֹ עַל שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, וְהָיָה הוֹפֵךְ שְׂעַר שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת לְצַד אֶחָד וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַנִּיר, וּבְשָׁנָה אַחֶרֶת הָיָה הוֹפֵךְ אֶת הַשֵּׂעָר לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַבּוּר, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים, וְהִתִּירוּ. רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, אַף הַנּוֹטֵעַ אֶת כַּרְמוֹ עַל שְׁמֹנֶה שְׁמֹנֶה אַמּוֹת, מֻתָּר:

One who plants his vineyard sixteen cubits, sixteen cubits [separating each row], he may bring seed there. Rabbi Judah said: It happened at Tsalmon that a man planted his vineyard on [a plan of] sixteen cubits, sixteen cubits [separating each row]. [One year] he would turn the tips of the vine branches of two [adjacent rows] towards one place, and sow the furrow [in between], and the following year he would turn the tips of the vine branches in the opposite direction, and sow the land which had been left untilled [the preceding year]. The matter came before the sages, and they declared it permitted. Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Shimon say: even one who has planted his vineyard with eight cubits [between every two rows], this is permitted.